17. Trade and other receivables
| in thousand EUR | 2019 | 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade receivables, third parties | 5 232 | 6 663 | ||
| Trade receivables, associates | 48 | 5 | ||
| Allowance for expected credit losses | –785 | –914 | ||
| Total trade receivables net | 4 495 | 5 754 | ||
| Other short-term receivables | 6 283 | 5 830 | ||
| Total trade and other receivables net | 10 778 | 11 584 |
The carrying amounts of the receivables approximate to their fair values. Other receivables mainly contain credit balances from governments, therefore the expected credit loss is 0.
Allowance for expected credit losses
| in thousand EUR | 2019 | 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| At 1 January | 914 | 899 | ||
| Increase allowance for expected credit losses | –62 | 112 | ||
| Decrease allowance for expected credit losses | –56 | –6 | ||
| Currency effects | –11 | –91 | ||
| At 31 December | 785 | 914 |
The exposure to credit risk is covered with the impairment for expected credit losses under IFRS 9 on trade receivables. It contains collectively assessed positions (Lifetime ECL), using the simplified approach, as well as individually assessed positions (12 month ECL).
Taking into consideration the terms and conditions established with customers, the following table sets forth details of the age of trade receivables:
| in thousand EUR | Expected credit loss default rate |
2019 |
2018 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not overdue | 0.5–0.6% | 3 787 | 1 172 | |||
| Less than 30 days overdue | 0.5–0.6% | 899 | 3 430 | |||
| 31 to 60 days overdue | 1.7–2.0% | 138 | 1 507 | |||
| 61 to 180 days overdue | 10.0% | 161 | 317 | |||
| More than 180 days overdue | 15.0% | 295 | 242 | |||
| Total trade receivables gross | 5 280 | 6 668 | ||||
| Allowance for expected credit losses | –785 | –914 | ||||
| Total trade receivables net | 4 495 | 5 754 |
The standard payment terms for trade receivables are in most instances Cash Against Documents (CAD) or Letter of Credit (L/C). The trade receivables are not interest-bearing, and the Group considers them to be credit impaired when internal or external information give cause for serious concern to receive the outstanding amount. The credit ratings for the lifetime ECL base on the aging buckets of the trade receivables.
Accounting policies
Trade accounts receivable are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost less allowances. The allowances base on the simplified approach of full lifetime expected credit losses as defined by the impairment model of IFRS 9. To calculate these allowances the trade accounts receivables are clustered into ageing buckets and each of these buckets weighted with a certain percentage. Doubtful accounts are assessed individually to analyze if a significant increase in credit risk occurred and an individual impairment is needed. Indications for such impairments are substantial financial problems on the part of the customer, a declaration of bankruptcy, or a significant delay in payment occurring.